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SQL for beginners

Combining conditions with OR #

While AND requires every condition to be true, OR only requires at least one of the conditions to be true.

Syntax #

SELECT
    column_name
FROM
    table_name
WHERE
    condition_1
    OR condition_2;

A row is included if condition_1 is true, if condition_2 is true, or if both are true.

Example #

The orders table has a status column that can be 'Pending', 'Shipped', 'Delivered', or 'Cancelled'. To find every order that still needs attention, we can look for the ones that are either 'Pending' or 'Cancelled':

SELECT
    *
FROM
    orders
WHERE
    status = 'Pending'
    OR status = 'Cancelled';

Result:

+----+-------------+------------+-----------+--------------+
| id | customer_id | order_date |  status   | shipped_date |
+----+-------------+------------+-----------+--------------+
| 1  |      3      | 2025-...   | Cancelled |     None     |
| 4  |      1      | 2025-...   | Cancelled |     None     |
| 5  |      7      | 2025-...   | Cancelled |     None     |
| .. |     ...     |    ...     |    ...    |     ...      |

Any order whose status is 'Shipped' or 'Delivered' is excluded, since it satisfies neither condition.

Exercise #

Write a query that retrieves all columns from the orders table, keeping only the rows where status is 'Pending' or status is 'Cancelled'.

  • The result has a status column.
  • The result contains exactly the rows where status is 'Pending' or 'Cancelled', and no others.
Solution 
SELECT
    *
FROM
    orders
WHERE
    status = 'Pending'
    OR status = 'Cancelled';
Output will be displayed here